In a study by Johan Karremans, at the University of Nijmegen, his findings were that subliminal messages were also more powerful and effective if they were goal oriented.

In another study at Duke University, it was proven that ads that included subliminal messages were far more effective at creating sales than those without them.

And finally, in a more recent study by Lavie at University College London they found that negative subliminal stimuli was more influential than positive.

Participants in this final study had a 66% accuracy rating  when identifying negative subliminal words. Lavie attributes this to natural survival instincts that kick in to protect us.

Levie explains, “We can’t wait for our consciousness to kick in if we see someone running towards us with a knife or if we drive under rainy or foggy weather conditions and see a sign warning ‘danger’.”